仁爱版 | 初中九年级英语（上册）第一次月考试题含答案

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仁爱版九年级上册第一次月考试题

一、单选题

1．Now most families have only one child _____ our country’s one-child policy.

A．so

B．because

C．because for

D．because of

2．—_____ you _____ your homework yet?

—Yes, I _____ it ten minutes ago.

A．Did; do; finished

B．Have; done; have finished

C．Have; done; finished

D．Will; do; finish

3．—It seems _____ you like to work with children.

—Yes, they are so lovely.

A．that

B．what

C．to

D．as

4．—David has made great progress recently.

— , and .

A．So he has; so you have

B．So he has; so have you

C．So has he; so have you

D．So has he; so you have

5．—You may go to Milan for a free trip.

—It’s a very kind_____, but I really can’t accept it.

A．excuse

B．offer

C．promise

D．decision

6．I could control my feelings at the moment. The song brought back so many childhoodmemories.

A．really

B．hardly

C．nearly

D．clearly

7．To the teacher's joy，the student made great ________ this term.

A．result

B．preparation

C．suggestion

D．progress

8．This is the most beautiful park I have _____ visited.

A．ever

B．yet

C．never

D．already

9．Our teacher told us that light _____ much faster than sound.

A．traveled

B．travels

C．is traveling

D．was traveling

10．Xi’an is a city with many places of interest and _____ tourists come here every year.

A．thousand of

B．thousand

C．thousands

D．thousands of

11．It's necessary for you ______ exercise every day.

A．taking

B．to take

C．take

D．takes

12．— Are you going to _______ our English club?

—Yes, I am.

A．take part in

B．join

C．took part in

D．joined

13．She ___________ great progress in the past 2 years.

A．made

B．had made

C．has made

D．make

14．The _____ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.

A．increase

B．increased

C．increasing

D．increases

15．Most teachers agree that too much homework is not good for the full ________ of a student’s personality.

A．attraction

B．friendship

C．development

D．appearance

二、完型填空

The United States and Great Britain took the war on Iraq (伊拉克) in late March, 2003. 16 over twenty days American soldiers were in Baghdad (巴格达市), the 17 of Iraq. They ended the government (政府) of Saddam. 18 Iraqis died in the war. Saddam was 19 at first. No one knew 20 he’s dead or alive.

In some parts of the city there was no light because of the war. Some oil wells (油井) were set on fire. Now the Iraqis need food, water and 21 Many soldiers and people who were hurt in the war need medical care. People also need 22 to find their family members.

After the war, some Iraqis broke into Saddam’s palace, government buildings, and stores. They 23 many things from Iraqi Museums. Many Iraqis are angry that the U.S. soldiers didn’t stop the robbers (抢劫者). So far there is 24 no government of Iraqis.

The reason for American soldiers taking the war is that they are 25 weapons of mess destruction (大规模杀伤性武器). But by June 6th, 2003 they hadn’t found any at all.

16．A．For B．After C．By D．During

17．A．city B．town C．capital D．village

18．A．Thousand B．Thousands

C．Thousand of D．Thousands of

19．A．tired B．run C．gone D．forgotten

20．A．whether B．when C．how D．that

21．A．spaceships B．flowers C．people D．medicine

22．A．an idea B．a way C．a plane D．a bridge

23．A．bought B．borrowed C．stole D．brought

24．A．still B．ever C．yet D．already

25．A．looking at B．looking for

C．giving up D．putting down

三、阅读单选

A

China is a great country with the largest population in the world. In order to solve the population problem, our government carried out one-child policy (政策) before. When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.

From 2016, two-child policy is put into effect. In my opinion, two-child policy is good. First of all, two-child policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they can also have only child. Besides the loneliness of their child, when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry an only child girl, the burden (负担) on their child and his wife is too heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better. Secondly, two-child policy can guarantee (保证) the number of Chinese population.

All in all, one-child policy has been out of date. And two-child policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problems of nowadays and the future.

26．Which country has the largest population in the world?

A．America. B．Britain. C．China. D．Japan.

27．The underlined phrase "carried out" in Paragraph 1 means "_____" in Chinese.

A．携带 B．取消 C．禁止 D．实行

28．Our government carried out one-child policy before in order to _____.

A．solve the population problem

B．take care of two old couples

C．share the burden of taking care of their parents

D．argue that two-child policy should be put into effect

29．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．One-child policy has its advantages and disadvantages.

B．It's easy for a young couple to look after an old couple.

C．China is a great country with the largest population in the world.

D．For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child before 2016.

30．What's the main idea of this passage?

A．Two-child policy is needed and necessary.

B．Our government carried out one-child policy.

C．Two-child policy is the gift for some only child.

D．Two-child policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population.

B

Bookstores are second homes for readers. Although many people can now buy books online, many readers still like the feeling in bookstores. They can touch (触摸) the books and smell the print.

In China, there are many special bookstores. Sanlian Taofen Bookstore became the first 24-hour bookstore in Beijing at the beginning of April. Popular Holdings in Shanghai is a film-themed bookstore. It has film books and posters. Eslite Bookstore in Taiwan often has activities like talks with famous writers.

At the same time, bookstores outside China can be very colorful, too. Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. It sells new and second-hand books. There are more than 100,000 books lying on the shelves of the store's 12 rooms. Bart's Books in the US is a good place to enjoy the sunshine (阳光) while reading books. It's an outdoor bookstore. Bookshelves are on the street. When the store is closed, people can still buy books. They just put money into the door's coin box. Where can you find a café, bar and bookstore in just one place? The answer is probably El Pendulo in Mexico. Books line (排列成行) the walls of the store. On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar. In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside. Does it look like a park?

31．_____ special bookstores inside China are mentioned (提到) in the passage.

A．2 B．3 C．5 D．6

32．Scarthin Books is ______.

A．a 24-hour bookstore

B．an outdoor bookstore

C．in the US

D．small

33．People can still buy books at ______ when it's closed.

A．Bart's Books

B．Popular Holdings

C．Eslite Bookstore

D．El Pendulo

34．Readers can ______ at El Pendulo.

A．talk with famous writers

B．order meals

C．enjoy the sunshine

D．buy film posters

35．There are ______ inside El Pendulo in order to keep cool.

A．12 rooms

B．bookshelves

C．green plants and trees

D．coin boxes

C

Every four years, the greatest athletes from all over the world get together in one city to take part in the world sports meeting—the Olympic Games. The holy flame (圣火) is carried from one place to the next. In 2008, the holy flame was carried to Beijing, the capital of China.

When Beijing was chosen as the host city to hold the Olympic Games in 2008, all the Chinese people were very happy, excited and proud. They showed their excitement in different ways when they heard the news. Some people cheered, jumped and shouted.

In Beijing we built a new Olympic village with hotels for athletes and stadiums for matches.“One World, One Dream” is our slogan for the 29th Olympics. It expresses the wishes of 1.3 billion Chinese people for a peaceful and better world tomorrow.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

36．The Olympic Games is held every _____ years.

A．five B．two C．three D．four

37．Beijing hosted the 29th Olympics in _____.

A．2007 B．2008 C．2012 D．2010

38．_____ was built for the 29th Olympics in Beijing.

A．Hotels B．Stadiums

C．Olympic village D．Villages

39．When Chinese people heard the news that Beijing would hold the 29th Olympics, they _____.

A．cheered B．excited C．shouted D．all the above

40．The slogan for the 29th Olympics is _____.

A．“Good, better, best”

B．“Faster, higher, stronger”

C．“One World, One Dream”

D．“World, Dream”

D

Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now, scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries. They found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don’t forget — if you are shy, you are not the only one.

41．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Happiness.

B．Shyness.

C．Kindness.

D．loneliness.

42．What does the underlined word “genetic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Passed down from parents.

B．Learned from friends.

C．Taught by teachers.

D．Made up by brothers.

43．What can be learned from the passage?

A．Most little babies are born shy and quiet.

B．If you are shy now, you will be shy forever.

C．Many shy children have older brothers and sisters.

D．Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions.

44．We can learn from the passage that _______ may cause shyness.

A．genetics, grown-ups and birthplace

B．genetics, family size and birthplace

C．family size, grown-ups and failure

D．genetics, family size and freedom

45．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by______.

A．blaming their failure on outside reasons

B．trying new things and practicing conversation

C．getting themselves away from their shy parents

D．trying to understand reasons for their shyness

四、多任务混合问题

任务型阅读

Most new babies were born in the developing countries. These countries are found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population is growing very slowly. This is because women in these countries have, on average (平均), only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five or more children. In 1950, about one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only about one tenth of the world’s people.

In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty (贫困) line. These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing conditions. Children get little time at school and suffer (遭受痛苦) from many kinds of diseases.

At the beginning of the 21stcentury, the world’s population was around six billion. The U.N. has said that the world’s population will level off (平稳下降) at 12.5 billion by the year 2100. Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls.

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

46．In what areas of the world can developing countries be found?

_____________________________

47．In 1950, what percent of the world’s population lived in developing countries?

______________________________

48．How to describe the people who are living below the poverty line?

______________________________

49．There will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100, won’t there?

______________________________

50．将文中划线部分翻译成汉语。

______________________________。

五、根据中/英文提示填空

根据首字母及汉语提示填写单词。

51．I’ve ________ (已经) read the book twice.

52．In the past, my grandparents couldn’t afford an ________ (教育) for my father.

53．________ (尽管) life is hard for her, she is still happy.

54．They are ________ (考虑) buying a new house.

55．China has ________ (发展) rapidly in recent years.

56．The government p_____ homeless people with nice homes.

57．China has the largest p_____ in the world. It’s 1.3 billion.

58．Project Hope is a s_____ service program to help poor students.

59．Some i_____ have changed our life. They make the world become better.

60．As a m_____ of fact, she didn’t know the thing at all.

六、书面表达

61．近年来， 我的家乡发生了很大变化，请你根据下表提示，以“ Changes in My Hometown” 为题写一篇80词左右的短文, 介绍一下你家乡发生的变化。

Changes in My Hometown

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案

一、单选题

1．D【解析】句意：由于我们国家的独生子女政策，现在大多数家庭只有一个孩子。so 所以；because 因为，引导原因状语从句；because for 不符合英语表达习惯；because of因为，由于，后面不能加句子，只能加词或短语， 所以选D。

2．C【解析】试题分析：句意：-你做你的家庭作业了吗？-是的，十分钟前我就完成了。根据yet结合句意可知前一句该用现在完成时；根据ten minutes ago可知后一句该用一般过去时。所以选C。

3．A【解析】句意：——看来你喜欢和孩子们一起工作。——是的，他们是那么可爱。That 那；what 什么；to 到；as 作为。“It seems that”是一个固定句型，所以选A。

4．B【解析】句意：——戴维最近取得了巨大进步。——他的确是，你也是。根据上一句是肯定句，用so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+另外的主语，意思是：---也是，so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词，意思是：---的确是,根据句意故选B

5．B【解析】试题分析：句意：——你可以去米兰免费旅行。——这是一个非常好的提议，但是我真的不能接受。A. excuse 借口；B. offer出价，提议；C. promise 诺言；D. decision决定。根据You may go to Milan for a free trip.可知应是一个提议。故选B。

6．B【解析】试题分析：句意：在那时无法控制自己的感情。那首歌使我想起了许多童年时和回忆。A. really 真正地；B. hardly 几乎不；C. nearly 几乎，D. clearly清楚地。结合句意，这首歌让他想起了童年时的会议，因此他无法控制他的情感。故选B。

7．D【解析】句意：令老师高兴的是，该生这学期取得了很大的进步。result 结果；preparation准备；suggestion建议；progress进步。这里make great progress为固定搭配，意为“取得很大的进步”。故选D。

8．A【解析】句意：这是我去过的最美丽的公园。考查副词。ever表“曾，曾经”，用于疑问句或肯定句；already表示“已经”的意思，主要用在肯定的陈述句中，通常与动词的完成时连用；yet既可作于否定句、疑问句中，也可用于肯定句中，但表达的意思不尽相同，用于否定句，表“还，尚”，用于疑问句，表“已经”，用于肯定句，表“仍然，还得”；never 从来不。根据“This is the most beautiful park I have _______ visited”，可知这是一个肯定句，这里的意思是“这是我曾经参观过的最漂亮的公园”。故选A。

9．B【解析】句意：我们的老师告诉我们，光传播的速度比声音快得多。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句用了一般过去时态时，宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态。但当宾语从句表示客观真理时要用一般现在时。光传播的速度比声音快，既是客观真理。所以选B。

10．D【解析】句意：西安是一个有许多名胜的城市，每年有成千上万的游客来这里。thousand 千，表示确切数目时不用复数形式，也不与of连用。但表示概数时必须用复数，并且与of连用。thousands of “成千上万的”，所以选D。

11．B【解析】句意：对你来说每天锻炼是必要的。“It’s+形容词+to do sth.”是一个固定句型，意思是做某事是...的。所以选B。

12．B【解析】句意：——你要加入我们的英语俱乐部吗？——是的，我要参加。考查动词辨析。本句是be going to句型，to后面跟动词原形，C和D是一般过去时，可知排除；A. take part in 参加（群众性活动、会议等）；B. join 加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体。“加入俱乐部”使用join；故选B。

13．C【解析】句意：在过去的2年里她取得了很大的进步。根据“in the past 2 years”可知该用现在完成时，结构为have/has done,make的过去分词为made，所以选C。

14．C【解析】句意：不断增长的人口可能是当今世界最大的挑战。本词修饰名词population可知填形容词；increase：增加，动词，三单形式是increases；increased是increase的过去式，也可做形容词讲，意思是“增强的，增加的”，指已经发生了的；increasing意思是“正在增加的，不断增长的”，形容词。本句指“正在增长的”人口，可知选C。

15．C【解析】句意：大多数老师认为过多的家庭作业不利于学生个性的全面发展。考查名词辨析。attraction吸引力；friendship友情；development发展；appearance外观。根据句意语境，可知ABD三项意思不合句意，故选C。

二、完型填空

短文大意：美伊战争给伊拉克人民带来了灾难，他们缺水、食物等生活必须品；孩子们害怕死亡。

16．A【解析】考查介词及语境理解。句意：美国士兵经过二十多天的战斗后才到达巴格达，伊拉克的首都。For为；After在……后；By到……为止；During在……期间。根据over twenty days是一段时间可知该选A。

17．C【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：美国士兵经过二十多天的战斗后才到达巴格达，伊拉克的首都。City城市；town城镇；capital首都；village村庄。根据地理知识可知巴格达是伊拉克的首都，所以选C。

18．D【解析】考查数词及语境理解。句意：成千上万的伊拉克人在战争中死亡。Thousand千；Thousands是thousand的复数形式；Thousand of不符合英语表达习惯；Thousands of 成千上万的，thousands 前不加具体的 数目，是个概数。所以选D。

19．C【解析】考查动词及语境理解。句意：萨达姆不知去向，下落不明。tired adj.疲倦的; 困倦的; 对……不耐烦的; 陈旧的; v.（使）疲劳（ tire的过去式和过去分词）; 对（做）某事感到厌倦；run跑；gone去；forgotten忘记。战后萨达姆不知去向，下落不明，所以选择gone。

20．A【解析】考查连词及语境理解。句意：没有人知道他是死了还是活着。Whether是否；when当……的时候；how怎么；that那。Whether引导宾语从句，所以选A。

21．D【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：现在伊拉克人需要食物，水和药品。Spaceships宇宙飞船；flowers花；people人；medicine要。根据下一句Many soldiers and people who were hurt in the war need medical care “许多在战争中受伤的士兵和人民需要医生、护士的护理”可知该选D。

22．B【解析】考查名词及语境理解。句意：人们也需要找到亲人的办法。an idea注意；a way 方法；a plane飞机；a bridge桥。人们需要的是找到亲人的办法，而不是主意。所以选B。

23．C【解析】考查动词及语境理解。句意：战后伊拉克混乱，联军潜进博物馆抢走偷走珍品。Bought买；borrowed 借；stole 偷；brought带来。根据句意结合语境可知该选C。

24．A【解析】考查副词及语境理解。句意：到目前为止还没有成立伊拉克人的政府。still仍然，还；ever曾经；yet还；already已经。根据句意结合语境可知该选A。

25．B【解析】考查动词短语及语境理解。句意：联军侵占伊拉克的目的是寻找大规模的杀伤性武器。looking at看；looking for寻找；giving up放弃；putting down放下。联系下句But by June 6th, 2003 they hadn’t found any at all.可知该选B。

三、阅读单选

A

本文介绍了中国的二孩政策。作者认为二孩政策是好的。首先，二孩政策是给一些独生子女的礼物。其次，二孩政策可以保证中国人口的数量。总之，独生子女政策已经过时了。二孩政策是必要的。它可以解决现在和将来的问题。

26．C【解析】细节理解题。根据 “China is a great country with the largest population in the world.”可知中国是在世界上人口最多的国家。故选C。

27．D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“In order to solve the population problem,”为了解决人口问题，以及文章的句子“From 2016, two-child policy is put into effect.”从2016年起，实行二孩政策。可以推测短语含义，我们的国家以前实行的是独生子女政策，carry out，实行。故选D。

28．A【解析】细节理解题。根据“In order to solve the population problem, our government carried out one-child policy (政策) before.”可知，实行独生子女政策是为了解决人口问题。故选A。

29．B【解析】细节理解题。根据“When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.”实行一段时间后，许多人不仅看到了它的优点，也看到了它的缺点。可知A是正确的；根据“Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult.”通常，一对年轻夫妇照顾一对老夫妇有点困难。可知B错；根据“China is a great country with the largest population in the world.”中国是世界上人口最多的大国。可知C正确；根据“For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they can also have only child.”对一些家庭来说，也许父母是独生子女，他们也可以有独生子女。可知D是正确的；因此本题选B。

30．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据“All in all, one-child policy has been out of date. And two-child policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problems of nowadays and the future.”总之，独生子女政策已经过时了。二孩政策是必要的。它可以解决现在和将来的问题。可知，二孩政策是必要的和必需的。故选A。

【点睛】

本题的第2小题是词义猜测题。词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。本题可以利用上下文语境来猜测词意。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。

B

这篇短文说的是有关中国和世界各地的书店的内容，各地的书店都有它们自己的特色，为读者提供了良好的读书和买书的场所。

31．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第二自然段关于中国特色书店的描述，其中提到Sanlian Taofen Bookstore 、Popular Holdings 、Eslite Bookstore 三个书店，故选B。

32．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中原句“Scarthin Books is a small bookstore in the UK. ”（Scarthin Books是英国的一个小书店）可知此题答案是D。

33．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中关于Bart's Books 的原句“When the store is closed, people can still buy books.”（当书店关门了，人们仍然可以买到书），可知此题选A。

34．B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中有关El Pendulo的描述“On the second floor, visitors can order everyday meals in the café and drinks from the bar.”（在二楼人们可以点来自酒吧的餐饮和日常膳食。），可知此题选B。

35．C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中原句“In order to keep cool, there are green plants and trees inside.”（为了保持凉爽，在里面有绿色植物和树），可知此题答案是C。

C

本文介绍了当北京被选为2008年奥运会的主办城市时，中国人非常地兴奋和自豪，第29届奥运会的口号，表达了13亿中国人民对和平及美好明天的愿望。

36．D【解析】考查细节理解。根据Every four years, the greatest athletes from all over the world get together in one city to take part in the world sports meeting—the Olympic Games.可知奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次，故选D。

37．B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据In 2008, the holy flame was carried to Beijing, the capital of China.和When Beijing was chosen as the host city to hold the Olympic Games in 2008, all the Chinese people were very happy, excited and proud.可知北京是在2008年举办的奥运会，故选B。

38．C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据In Beijing we built a new Olympic village with hotels for athletes and stadiums for matches.可知为第29届北京奥运会中国建造了奥运村，故选C。

39．D 【解析】考查细节理解。A. 欢呼；B. 兴奋；C. 喊叫；D. 以上都是。根据第二段all the Chinese people were very happy, excited and proud和Some people cheered, jumped and shouted可知所有的中国人都非常高兴、兴奋和自豪，一些人甚至欢呼、跳跃和喊叫，故选D。

40．C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据“One World, One Dream” is our slogan for the 29th Olympics.可知第29届奥运会的口号是“同一个世界，同一个梦想”，故选C。

【点睛】

阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，做这类题目，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意结合短文内容选出正确答案。主要考查四种题型：（1）细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）词义猜测能力，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）推理判断能力，难度较大，需准确理解题意，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）主旨理解能力，需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。

D

本文介绍了为什么很多人具有害羞这种性格，以及具有害羞这种性格的坏处和改进方法。

41．B【解析】主旨大意题。文中第一段介绍了害羞现象很普遍，第二和三段介绍了导致害羞的原因，最后一段说明害羞的坏处，但是可以以尝试新事物并练习对话来改变。由此可知本文主要是关于害羞的。故选B。

42．A【解析】词句猜测题。A. Passed down from parents.（从父母那里传下来）；B. Learned from friends. （从朋友那里学习）；C. Taught by teachers.（由老师教）；D. Made up by brothers. （由兄弟组成）。根据上文“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents.”（有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母。）可知此句“As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”句意是：“因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传的。”由此可知genetic意思是“遗传”；故选A。

43．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段第3句“They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.”（他们说15%到20%的婴儿表现得害羞。）可知“A. 大多数小婴儿出生时都很害羞和安静。”错误；根据最后一段第2句“But scientists say you can get over your shyness.”（但是科学家说你可以克服害羞。）可知“B. 如果你现在害羞，你将永远害羞。”错误；根据第4段倒数第二句“In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.”（在以色列，强烈支持言论自由和冒险。）可知“D. 大多数以色列人民不愿发表意见。”是错误的；根据第3段第3句“They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy.”（他们发现66%的这些人有哥哥姐姐。结果，他们变得害羞起来。）可知“C. 许多害羞的孩子都有哥哥姐姐。”正确；故选C。

44．B【解析】主旨大意题。第二至四段分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因：遗传、家庭规模和出生地。故选B。

45．B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第2句“They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.”（他们建议尝试新事物并练习对话。）可知科学家建议害羞的人可以通过尝试新事物和练习对话来克服害羞。故选B。

【点睛】

阅读理解是最能体现学生英语能力的题型，分值较高，如何通过解题方法的掌握来提升自己解答阅读理解题的技巧是学生最关心的问题。初中阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容做出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，要根据上下文意思准确猜出词意。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。（4）考查主旨理解题。此类题型需通读全文，整体把握，根据文本主要内容选择合适的选项。例如第2题，根据上面的描述有一些孩子生来就是害羞的，另外，“Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.”这些害羞的孩子通常都有害羞的父母。上文这几句都表示害羞是可以遗传的，故选A。

四、多任务混合问题

任务型阅读

本文介绍了世界人口形势。大多数新生儿出生在发展中国家。这些国家分布在非洲、南美和亚洲部分地区。在欧洲和北美的发达国家，人口增长非常缓慢。在发展中国家，仍有超过10亿人生活在贫困线以下。这些人没有足够的食物吃，他们的住房条件也很差。孩子们上学时间少，遭受各种疾病痛苦。21世纪初，世界人口约为60亿。联合国表示，到2100年，世界人口将稳定在125亿。其他组织认为，世界人口将继续增长，在稳定或下降之前达到140亿。

46．They can be found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia.

【解析】题意：在世界的哪些领域可以找到发展中国家？根据第1段第1和2句“Most new babies were born in the developing countries. These countries are found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia.”（大多数新生儿出生在发展中国家。这些国家分布在非洲、南美和亚洲部分地区。）可知“在非洲、南美和亚洲部分地区可以找到发展中国家”；故答案是They can be found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia.。

47．Seventy-five percent/75%.

【解析】题意：1950年，世界上有百分之几的人口生活在发展中国家？根据第一段第5句“In 1950, about one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries.”（1950年，世界上大约四分之一的人口生活在发达国家。）可知1950年，世界上有百分之七十五的人口生活在发展中国家；故答案是Seventy-five percent/75%.。

48．Not having enough food; living in poor housing conditions; suffering from many kinds of diseases; getting little education.（答对其中两点即可）【解析】题意：如何描述生活在贫困线以下的人？根据第2段第2句“These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing conditions. Children get little time at school and suffer (遭受痛苦) from many kinds of diseases.”（这些人没有足够的食物吃，他们的住房条件也很差。孩子们上学时间少，遭受各种疾病的痛苦。）可知答案是Not having enough food; living in poor housing conditions; suffering from many kinds of diseases; getting little education.（答对其中两点即可）。

49．Yes, there will.【解析】题意：2100年地球上将有125亿人，不是吗？根据第3段第2句“The U. N. has said that the world’s population will level off (平稳下降) at 12.5 billion by the year 2100.”（联合国说，到2100年，世界人口将达到125亿。）可知答案是Yes, there will.。

50．在发展中国家，超过十亿的人仍过着贫困线以下的生活。【解析】题意：将文中划线部分翻译成汉语。

in the developing countries：在发展中国家；more than：超过；one billion people：十亿人；still：仍然；are living：正生活，正过着；below the poverty (贫困) line.：贫困线以下；故此句的英译汉是“在发展中国家，超过十亿的人仍过着贫困线以下的生活。”

五、根据中/英文提示填空

根据首字母及汉语提示填写单词。

51．already句意：这本书我已经读了两遍了。already：“已经”，副词，一般用于现在完成时的肯定中；本句是现在完成时肯定句，可知答案是already。

52．education句意：过去，我的祖父母负担不起我父亲的教育费用。根据不定冠词an可知填可数名词单数；education“教育”，可数名词单数；故答案是education。

53．Although句意：虽然生活对她来说很艰难，但她仍然很快乐。根据句意可知前句表示让步条件；although：“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，注意：句子开头要大写；故答案是Although。

54．considering句意：他们正在考虑买一套新房子。本句是现在进行时，其构成are/am/is doing sth.；consider：“考虑”，及物动词，consider doing sth.：考虑做某事；consider的现在分词是considering；本句中有be动词are，可知填considering。

55．developed句意：近年来，中国发展迅速。根据时间状语“in recent years”（近年来）可知此句时态是现在完成时，其构成has/have done sth.；develop“发展”，其过去分词是developed；本句中有助动词has，可知填developed。

56．provides句意：政府为无家可归的人提供好房子。根据句意可知本句表达是事实，可知此句时态是一般现在时；本句主语The government是第三人称单数，可知谓语动词使用单数；短语provide sb. with sth.：把某物提供给某人；provide的三单形式是provides；结合句意和首字母提示可知答案是provides。

57．population句意：中国有世界上最多的人口。共有13亿。the largest“最大的”，形容词最高级，后面跟名词；population是一个集合名词，意思是“人口”，做主语时，指人口的一部分就用复数，总体就指单数。结合句意和首字母提示可知答案是population。

58．successful句意：希望工程是帮助贫困学生的成功服务项目。本词修饰名词service program可知填形容词；successful：“成功的”，形容词；结合句意和首字母提示可知答案是successful。

59．inventions句意：一些发明改变了我们的生活。它们使世界变得更好。some“一些”，修饰可数名词复数；invention：“发明”，复数是inventions；结合句意和首字母提示可知答案是inventions。

60．matter句意：事实上，她根本不知道这件事。短语as a matter of fact：事实上；结合句意和首字母提示可知填matter。

六、书面表达

The Changes in My Hometown

Great changes have taken place in my hometown. In the past, people lived a poor life. The houses were small and dark. The roads were narrow and there were not many ring roads. Few children had the chance to receive education.

Now our living conditions have improved a lot. People are living in tall and bright buildings. What’s more, more and more ring roads appear. There are many modern schools and the children can learn lessons on the Internet.

I hope my hometown will be more and more beautiful in the future and people will live a better life.

【解析】

这是一篇话题作文，以“ Changes in My Hometown” 为题写一篇短文, 介绍我的家乡发生的变化。

【详解】

结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：people lived……，The roads were……, There are……, I hope……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。

【点睛】

本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了我的家乡已经发生了很大变化，接下来介绍我的家乡过去和现在的情况，最后我希望我的家乡将会更美，人们生活将会更好。此处take place, have the chance to do sth, what’s more, live a……life等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。

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