高中英语定语从句超全解析，一篇就吃透！附2025高考英语定语从句

文章发布：奇速英语 发布时间：Jul 25, 2025 10:34:34 AM      访问量:6

高中英语定语从句超全解析，一篇就吃透！（附2025高考英语定语从句真题及详解）

高中英语定语从句超全解析，一篇就吃透！

定语从句是高中英语语法中的重要内容，在阅读理解、写作等题型中频繁出现。掌握定语从句，不仅能帮助同学们在考试中取得好成绩，还能提升英语语言运用能力，让表达更加准确、丰富。接下来，就让我们奇速英语AI伴学深入剖析定语从句的奥秘。

一、定语从句的基本概念

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。比如“She is the girl who won the first prize in the competition”，“who won the first prize in the competition”就是定语从句，修饰先行词“the girl” 。这里被修饰的名词或代词“the girl”就被称为先行词，而连接先行词和定语从句的词“who”则是关系词。关系词在定语从句中至关重要，它既起连接作用，又在从句中充当一定的句子成分 。

二、关系词的分类及用法

（一）关系代词

常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等 。

- that：既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。例如：“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” （“that”指物，作宾语，可省略）；“The man that is standing there is my teacher” （“that”指人，作主语） 。

- which：用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略 。例如：“The building which stands near the park is a hospital” （作主语）；“The movie which we watched last night was exciting” （作宾语，可省略） 。

- who：用于指人，在从句中作主语和表语 。比如：“The boy who is playing basketball is my brother” （作主语） 。

- whom：也用于指人，在从句中作宾语 。在口语中，有时可用“who”代替“whom”，也可省略 。例如：“The person whom you talked to just now is my manager” （可换成“who”，也可省略） 。

- whose：表示“谁的”，既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语 。例如：“The girl whose hair is long is my classmate” （指人）；“I live in a house whose windows face south” （指物） 。

（二）关系副词

常见的关系副词有when, where, why 。

- when：表示时间，用于修饰表示时间的先行词，在从句中作时间状语 。例如：“I still remember the day when I first met you” ，先行词“the day”表示时间，“when”在从句中作时间状语 。

- where：表示地点，常用来修饰表示地点的先行词，在从句中作地点状语 。比如：“This is the school where I studied ten years ago” ，先行词“the school”表示地点，“where”在从句中作地点状语 。

- why：表示原因，主要用于修饰表示原因的先行词“reason”，在从句中作原因状语 。例如：“The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus” 。

三、定语从句的分类

（一）限制性定语从句

对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体、明确 。它与先行词关系紧密，不能被省略，否则句子意思就不完整 。主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 。例如：“I have a friend who can play the piano very well” ，如果去掉“who can play the piano very well”，句子就变成了“I have a friend”，意思就变得模糊，不知道这个朋友有什么特点 。

（二）非限制性定语从句

与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用 。如果将其省去，主句的意义仍然完整 。主句和从句之间通常用逗号隔开 ，而且非限制性定语从句中不能使用关系代词“that” 。例如：“My father, who is a doctor, likes playing basketball” ，去掉“who is a doctor”，“My father likes playing basketball”这个句子仍然成立 。

四、关系词的特殊用法及注意事项

（一）只用that的情况

1. 当先行词是不定代词，如anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等时 。例如：“Is there anything that I can do for you?”

2. 先行词被the only, the very, the just修饰时 。比如：“He is the very person that I am looking for” 。

3. 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时 。例如：“This is the best book that I have ever read” 。

4. 先行词既有人又有物时 。如：“He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited” 。

5. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that 。例如：“Who is the man that is standing there?”

6. 关系代词作表语时 。例如：“He is not the man that he used to be” 。

（二）只用which，不用that的情况

1. 关系代词前有介词时 。例如：“This is the room in which I lived last year” 。

2. 引导非限制性定语从句时 。例如：“The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting” 。

3. 先行词本身是that时 。例如：“What's that which is under the desk?”

（三）关系代词作宾语时的省略

在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略 。例如：“The book (that/which) I borrowed from the library is very useful” ，“that”或“which”作“borrowed”的宾语，可省略 。

（四）“介词+关系代词”结构

1. 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，会出现“介词+关系代词”的结构 。其中，关系代词指人时用“whom”，指物时用“which” 。例如：“The person to whom I talked just now is my teacher” （指人）；“The pen with which I write is very expensive” （指物） 。

2. 介词的选择取决于从句中的动词、形容词的固定搭配，或者先行词与介词的习惯搭配 。例如：“This is the house in which I was born” （“in the house”是习惯搭配）；“The man about whom we are talking is a famous scientist” （“talk about”是固定搭配） 。

五、如何判断使用关系代词还是关系副词

判断依据主要是看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分 。如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，就用关系代词；如果先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，就用关系副词 。例如：

- “I visited the school which/that my father once studied in” ，先行词“the school”在从句中作“studied in”的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that 。

- “I visited the school where my father once studied” ，先行词“the school”在从句中作地点状语，相当于“in the school”，所以用关系副词where 。

六、定语从句在写作中的运用

在英语写作中恰当运用定语从句，可以让文章更加生动、丰富，提升作文档次 。比如：

- 普通表达：“I like the book. The book is written by a famous writer” 。

- 运用定语从句：“I like the book which/that is written by a famous writer” 。

- 再如描述一个人：“He is a kind - hearted man. He always helps others” ，可改为“He is a kind - hearted man who always helps others” 。

奇速英语AI伴学25道涵盖定语从句核心考点的高考真题（含2025年模拟真题），供你练习：

1. (2025·新课标Ⅰ卷) The old library ______ we used to borrow books was rebuilt last year and now serves as a community center.

A. where B. when C. which D. whose

2. (2024·浙江卷) We’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together exploring the ancient town.

A. when B. that C. where D. on which

3. (2025·北京卷) The scientist ______ research on AI has made great progress gave a speech at our school.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

4. (2023·全国甲卷) This is the village ______ my grandfather was born in 1950.

A. that B. where C. what D. which

5. (2025·江苏模拟) The novel ______ cover is blue tells a touching story about friendship.

A. which B. whose C. that D. where

6. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The man ______ you met at the station is my uncle.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. what

7. (2025·山东卷) She showed me the photo album ______ she kept all the memories of her childhood.

A. when B. where C. that D. why

8. (2024·全国乙卷) October 1st is the day ______ we celebrate the founding of our country.

A. which B. when C. how D. where